1. If two or more individuals, whether by using a common business name or by any other means, create the false appearance that articles of association exist between them, they are jointly and severally liable without limit for obligations incurred on that basis by any of them.
1 - Se dois ou mais indivíduos, quer pelo uso de uma firma comum quer por qualquer outro meio, criarem a falsa aparência de que existe entre eles um contrato de sociedade responderão solidária e ilimitadamente pelas obrigações contraídas nesses termos por qualquer deles.
2. Where the incorporation of a commercial company has been agreed but the members begin business before execution of the articles of association, the provisions on civil-law partnerships apply to their relations with one another and with third parties.
2 - Se for acordada a constituição de uma sociedade comercial, mas, antes da celebração do contrato de sociedade, os sócios iniciarem a sua actividade, são aplicáveis às relações estabelecidas entre eles e com terceiros as disposições sobre sociedades civis.
False appearance and pre-incorporation activity are separate; unlimited liability is not omitted.
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Unofficial English translation prepared by BCA Portugal for reference. Only the Portuguese text published in the Diário da República has legal force. Editorial notes are ours and are not part of the statute.